This stimulates the production of a good antibody and cellular immune response to the spike protein that protects the vaccinated person because the spike protein is an important part of the SARS CoV-2 virus. After being given by intramuscular injection, the vaccine mRNA is taken up by cells which then produce the spike protein. The mRNA used in the vaccine is synthesised and not extracted from actual viruses. The COVID-19 mRNA vaccine consists of messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) that carry instructions to make the spike protein of the virus. Only vaccines deemed suitable for use in target population subgroups, and where overall benefits outweigh the known risks, are recommended for use by the Expert Committee. All are currently available in Singapore. These vaccines are offered under the National Vaccination Programme. The Expert Committee on COVID-19 Vaccination (EC19V) has also recommended the use of the Pfizer-BioNTech/ Comirnaty, Moderna/Spikevax and Novavax/Nuvaxovid COVID-19 vaccines by the majority of the population, and the use of Sinovac-CoronaVac by persons who are medically ineligible to receive the other vaccines. The Health Sciences Authority (HSA) has authorised the Pfizer-BioNTech/ Comirnaty, Moderna/Spikevax, Novavax/Nuvaxovid and Sinovac-CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccines for use in Singapore. Which vaccines are approved for use in Singapore? Which of these vaccines are included in the national vaccination programme?
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